Nicole Quah Qin Xian,1 Ahmed Alnahrawy,2 Rashmi Akshikar,2 Vickie Lee2,3 1Department of Stroke Medicine, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK; 2Department of Ophthalmology, Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK; 3Department of Surgery & Cancer, General Surgery, Faculty of Me
Harald Rittger,1 Barbara Frosch,1 Laura Vitali-Serdoz,1 Matthias Waliszewski2,3 1Medizinische Klinik 1, Klinikum Fürth, Fürth, Germany; 2Medical Scientific Affairs, B.Braun Melsungen AG, Berlin, Germany; 3Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany
Obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are accompanied by a variety of systemic and tissue-specific metabolic defects, including inflammation, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, lipotoxicity, and mitochondrial dysfunction.Over the past 30 years, association studies and genetic manipulations, as well as lifestyle and pharmacologica